Even though they’re both basically hot baths, a sauna uses dry heat and a steam room uses moist heat.
Saunas have very low humidity, which means they can be much hotter than steam rooms. They're usually between 80°C and 100°C, which is perfectly safe because they use dry heat.
A steam room is usually about 40°C. If the steam room was any hotter than that it could scald your skin!
That would probably ruin what should be a relaxing and pleasurable experience, you think?
Sauna vs. Steam Room Heat and Construction
Saunas and steam rooms are constructed with different materials because of their heating methods.
Traditional saunas are heated with stones placed on a heater - usually an electric or wood-burning heater. Steam is produced if you pour water over the stones. This raises the temperature in the sauna by several degrees, but the steam quickly dissipates.
1. Steam rooms feel hotter because your sweat doesn't evaporate and carry away heat.
I've heard people say that they sweat more in a steam room, but that's not true. It only seems that way because the sweat doesn't evaporate as it does in a sauna.
2. If you have respiratory problems like sinus congestion or asthma, you might prefer the moist heat of a steam bath. Steam inhalation is very effective against bronchitis, sinusitis and allergies.
3. A possible downside to a steam room is that it may be a breeding ground for germs and bacteria because of the warm, moist conditions. This isn't much of a concern if the steam room is properly cleaned and disinfected.
Both saunas and steam rooms are relatively easy to maintain.
A steam room can be washed with a ceramic tile cleaner, and the steam generator will require periodic draining.
The floor of a wood sauna should be cleaned once a week to once a month to prevent or reduce rotting. Oxiclean is good for removing bacteria and mold. The walls and ceiling don't need to be cleaned as often.